Argumentative Research Paper Should children read fairy...

Fairy tales picture a world filled with magic, love and the triumph of the good over the evil. Fairy tales are a window to other worlds where the wildest dreams can come true and the hero always lives happily ever after preferably paired with his loved one. Although some people argue that fairy tales are full of stereotypes, filled with frightening monsters and promote racism and sexism I believe that they are wrong because fairy tales provide valuable moral lessons to children, teach them other countries cultures promote the imagination and the cognitive development and therefore they should be read to young children. As a first argument, supporting that fairy tales should be read to children, it must be mentioned that fairy tales and†¦show more content†¦Another way of learning is introduced by an entry entitled Fairy Tales included in an encyclopedia which mentions that fairy tales can teach a child about other cultures and civilizations and therefore teach it that apart from its own country and culture there are also many other people and cultures throughout the entire world. This can help children to overcome the egocentrism and selfish thoughts, which are very common in those ages, and make them realize that apart from them , billions of other people live in this planet and hundred of other nations exist apart from their own. Also fairy tales can introduce children, who are relatively powerless in most areas of their lives, to a world where the smallest animal, the poorest peasant, the youngest daughter often prevails over those larger, richer, older, and more powerful. Thus, in the words of writer and child psychologist Bruno Bettelheim: fairy tales can help children confront and resolve conflicts in their own lives Therefore, we can easily conclude that, fairy tales, by portraying a world where it is possible for the weak to prevail over the strong, can give hope to children and make them confront their own problems with courage and self-esteem. My last argument supporting fairy tales claims that fairy tales and stories generally can become a tool of the society to teach children socialization and enroll children in our society. AsShow MoreRelatedEating Disorders and Free Essays8687 Words   |  35 Pagesï » ¿2 = 2 dfhnmxpd h Free Essays Home | Search Essays | FAQ | Guarantees | Privacy | Lost Essay? | Contact Search Results eating disorder Free Essays Unrated Essays Better Essays Stronger Essays Powerful Essays Term Papers Research Papers Search by keyword: Sort By: Your search returned over 400 essays for eating disorder. To narrow your search results, please add more search terms to your query. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [Next ] These results are sorted by most relevantRead MoreFor Against by L.G. Alexander31987 Words   |  128 PagesS UMBRELLA (Longman Structural Readers, Stage 2) OPERATION MASfERMIND (Longman Structural Readers, Stage 3) QUESTION AND ANSWER: Graded Aural/Oral Exercises READING AND WRITING ENGLISH-A First Year Programme for Children LOOK, LISTEN AND LEARNl Sets 1-4 An Integrated Course for Children New Concept English Uniform with this Volume: FIRST THINGS FIRST: An Integrated Course for Beginners PRACTICE AND PROGRESS: An Integrated Course for Pre-Intermediate Students DEVELOPING SKILLS: An Integrated Course

Karl Marx and Communism Essay - 1184 Words

Karl Marx and Communism Were Karl Marx ideas on communism moral? It is quite obvious that some societies do or did believe that communism was a good way of life. Even though there are many drawbacks to communism there are still some advantages. Karl Marx is a man of intrigue he only did what he wanted to and not what others wanted him to do. Upon completion of my research I feel that Marx was a very bright man. His ideas may not be all together but a man that can introduce communism to the world and actually get people to follow Marx ideas is powerful to me. In my research paper I would like to tell you a little about the life and times of Karl Marx, and how is ideas effect the economy today. Karl Marx was born at 2 am on May†¦show more content†¦Marx on the other hand wanted to go for philosophy. He switched to Berlin University after his first year so that he could get a better education. Marx disappointed his father by not studying law and told his father I did not read works on jurisprudence pr imarily to become a lawyer, but rather to find metaphysical answers. (Padover 49). Marx got a doctorate in philosophy from Berlin with financial help from his mom whom was not well off financially and lived in a lower-middle class neighborhood. In 1842 Karl Marx started writing for a liberal democratic newspaper called Rheinische Zietung in Cologne, and at the end of 1842 Marx became the editor for the paper (Padover 29). In the beginning of 1843 Marx was told by the ministry that at the end of the quarter the paper must cease publication, causing Karl to resign immediately. The summer of 1843 before heading to Paris to devote his time to studying political economy and the history of the great French Revolution, he married the daughter of Privey Councillor Von Westphalen in trier named Jenny Von Westphalen. Marx liked to speak his mind in writings, which caused him to be expelled from France by Guizot in 1845 (Carver 208) . Upon leaving France he went to Brussels and stayed there, p ursuing the same studies, until the outbreak of the February Revolution. Marx still could not keep his ideas to himself and was asked to leave Brussels, He wasShow MoreRelatedKarl Marx View On Communism1232 Words   |  5 PagesCommunism is a concept created by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1844 and was exposed to the world in 1848 through â€Å"The Communist Manifesto†. When read, Communism can be seen as a beautiful idea. Karl Marx view Communism as the solution to inequality. Marx invoked the idea that for every member of a society to be equal, the State must have ownership over services and goods of society, including schools. However, when Communism began in the Soviet Union it was perfectly visible that CommunismRead MoreKarl Marx s Interpretation Of Communism1148 Words   |  5 PagesEver since Karl Marx’s famous interpretation of communism, which masses have read through his writings, many other people have sought power to turn capitalist societies into perfectly communist ones, each in their own ways. Two of those people who left a strong legacy behind them are Joseph Stalin and Fidel Castro. Each worldview will be contrasted and compared. People do not turn into communist figures overnight. It is usually some event that happens in an individual’s life that will make them questionRead MoreKarl Marx : The Mastermind Behind Communism901 Words   |  4 PagesKarl Marx can be thought of as the mastermind behind communism. However, most people do not realize that his interpretation of communism is vastly different from the communist rules that have lead in the 20th and 21st centuries. Marx believes that capitalism, the typical economic system that accompanies democratic government structures, fails to allow for individuals to prosper because of the class structure of their societies. This is because human being are creative creatures that transform theRead MoreCommunism Created By Karl Marx And Friedrich Engels799 Words   |  4 PagesCommunism is a philosophy and form of government that has been used all over the world. It was created by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. For the most part it has failed to build stab le and prosperous nations. What factors caused communism to fail? Can we identify those factors and avoid it entirely? We must try to, and preserve our successful form of government. The creators of communism are Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Karl Marx was born on May 5, 1818 into a well off German family. He eventuallyRead MoreKarl Marx s Theory Of Capitalism And Communism2258 Words   |  10 Pagesstate that Karl Marx, born in 1818 and died in 1883, is one of the founders of sociology, seeing as Marxism was named after his theories and thinking. (Biography) However he also developed and constructed many theories when talking about the economy, philosophy and history and is best known as a communist (Biography). A great part of his life was used writing two of his well-known books, Das Kapital, written in 1867 (Marx, 2012: xii), and The Communist Manifesto, written in 1848 (Marx and EngelsRead MoreKarl Marx And Aristotle s Views On Communism1362 Words   |  6 Pagesman that completely goes against liberalism is Karl Marx. Marx is the most influential communist philosopher out there, and holds very strong beliefs on communism. He argues about how whenever yo u look back or even in present time there has been class struggle. What this quote by Marx is trying to say is that the economy is described as a class struggle and always has been; prior with masters and slaves and now with the bourgeoisie and proletariats. Marx always believed that we will have a class conflictRead MoreThe Road To Communism: Karl Marx. Over The Years, People1563 Words   |  7 PagesThe Road to Communism: Karl Marx Over the years, people have interpreted Karl Marx’s work incorrectly and sometimes only partially. Since his explanation of communism, people have changed what they think communism really is. In present day if someone tells someone they are communist, they picture a society oppressed by its government. They picture removal of all their private belongings and burglary of their finances to be distributed amongst society as a whole. Societies and governments have overRead MoreWhy Karl Marx Thought Communism was the Ideal Political Party716 Words   |  3 PagesWhy Karl Marx Thought Communism was the Ideal Political Party Karl Marx was brought up in a Jewish community and society in his early years. His father was a lawyer, although he was descended from a long line of rabbis. As opportunities for Jews decreased Karl Marxs father, Herschel, decided to convert from Jewish to Lutheranism, which was the Prussian states religion. The Marx family was very liberal and often held intellectual conversations and was introduced to a lotRead MoreKarl Marx : A German Influential Philosopher And One Of The Intellectual Fathers Of Communism1477 Words   |  6 PagesKarl Marx is known to be a German influential philosopher and one of the intellectual fathers of communism, writing when the industrial revolution and imperialism period was changing the nature of both the economies of individual nations and the global economy itself. He eradicated his view on the effects these changes had on individual workers and society. This introduced many of his theories, one of which was the idea of alienated labor. Alienated labor was written in 1844, Marx sets the view thatRead MoreAnalysis Of Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx804 Words   |  4 PagesSince the beginning of civilization there has always been a clash between the upper class and lower class. Karl Marx illustrates this at the beginning of Communist Manifesto by listing out the relationships of social c lasses: â€Å"Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guild-master and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Marx 14). With these social ranks came forth the Bourgeoisie and Proletariat. The Bourgeoisie being the greedy, money grabbing upper class and the Proletariat

Quotes Describing The Victorian Era In Great Expectation Essay Example For Students

Quotes Describing The Victorian Era In Great Expectation Essay GREAT EXPECTATIONS. By Anne Gilmour. November1996. Of the major themes from Charles Dickens novelGreat Expectations to be discussed as to their importanceconcerning its structure, I have selected Love in thecontext of human relationships, Isolation and finallyRedemption. The loneliness isolation brings can only beredeemed by the loving associate of our fellow man, this is atwo way thing. Had grown diseased, as all minds do andmust and will that reverse the appointed order of theirmaker. In isolation the greatest sin we commit againstourselves and others, is to shun human companionship asMiss Haversham did. After her betrayal in love shehardened her heart towards her fellow man. By hardeningher heart and suppressing her naturally affectionate nature,she committed a crime against herself. Miss Havershamslove for Compeyson is of a compassionate kind, this blindedher to his true nature, as Herbert remarked, too haughtyand too much in love to be advised by anyone. AtCompeysons desertion h er anger and sorrow becameextreme and she threw herself and Satis House intoperpetual mourning and a monument to her broken heart,shutting the world out and herself from the world. Her onlyconcession is in her adoption of Estella. Miss Havershamhas ulterior motives in adopting Estella, this is not a lovingaction on her part, but a calculated manoeuvre to turn thechild into a haughty, heartless instrument of revenge againstmen. Estella is encouraged to practice her disdain on Pipand to break his heart. Paradoxically, Miss Havershamsgreatest sin, is against herself. By hardening her heart sheloses her generous, affectionate nature and becomeswithered inside emotionally. Her punishment is that theheartless young woman she has made, uses her lack offeelings against Miss Haversham. Estella herself is isolated,as for most of the novel she takes pleasure in her role ofavenger. Her isolation is in part responsible for Pipssnobbery and his estrangement from Joe and Biddy. LikeMiss Haversham she becomes a victim of her ownmachinations. She enters into a loveless marriage toDrummle, who is cruel to her. This shows that no matterhow heartless one tries to be, there is always someone moreheartless. The instrument of revenge punishes the avengerand is punished in return. Pip feels emotionally andgeographically isolated on his arrival in London. Jaggersisolation is his deliberate rejection to human involvement, hesubstitutes these with the mechanical process of law. Jaggersuses the legal system to avoid personal responsibility for thefate of his fellow man. This profession has imprisoned hisbetter instincts, leaving him isolated within the system. Magwitch, however, is isolated by the system, he uses Pipas his agent of revenge. Magwitchs motives are not onlyrevenge, but also gratitude for the food Pip gave him in hishour of need. He develops a fatherly affection towards Pip,who in the end returns his affection. It is Magwitch who hasthe best reasons for disbelieving in human companionship,that supported it the most. Love in the context of humanrelationships is best shown through Pip. The relationshipbetween Pip and Joe changed as Pip grew up. As a child,Pip regarded Joe as an equal, though he loved him, I had anew sensation of feeling conscious that I was looking up toJoe in my heart. Though there is love, the snobbish Pip iscritical of Joe, not verbally, but in his thoughts. When Pipattains his Great Expectations, he is embarrassed by whathe regards as Joes commonness and avoids his company. .u7b9eaf3fe808d99d18f5a3d777aeea91 , .u7b9eaf3fe808d99d18f5a3d777aeea91 .postImageUrl , .u7b9eaf3fe808d99d18f5a3d777aeea91 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7b9eaf3fe808d99d18f5a3d777aeea91 , .u7b9eaf3fe808d99d18f5a3d777aeea91:hover , .u7b9eaf3fe808d99d18f5a3d777aeea91:visited , .u7b9eaf3fe808d99d18f5a3d777aeea91:active { border:0!important; } .u7b9eaf3fe808d99d18f5a3d777aeea91 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7b9eaf3fe808d99d18f5a3d777aeea91 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7b9eaf3fe808d99d18f5a3d777aeea91:active , .u7b9eaf3fe808d99d18f5a3d777aeea91:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7b9eaf3fe808d99d18f5a3d777aeea91 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7b9eaf3fe808d99d18f5a3d777aeea91 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7b9eaf3fe808d99d18f5a3d777aeea91 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7b9eaf3fe808d99d18f5a3d777aeea91 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7b9eaf3fe808d99d18f5a3d777aeea91:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7b9eaf3fe808d99d18f5a3d777aeea91 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7b9eaf3fe808d99d18f5a3d777aeea91 .u7b9eaf3fe808d99d18f5a3d777aeea91-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7b9eaf3fe808d99d18f5a3d777aeea91:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: WEST SIDE STORY IS DIFFERENT FROM ROMEO AND JULIET EssayPips conscience makes him realise, Joe has moregentlemanly qualities than he himself possesses, his remorsehowever is short lived. When Pips fortunes take a fall he istoo ashamed to approach Joe and Biddy, their love is toostrong however and are there for Pip in his hour of need. InPips relationship with Biddy, he is very condescending, andshows disregard for her feelings, If I could only get myselfto fall in love with you, is a prime example. Pip comparesBiddy to Estella and overlooks her obviously good qualities. After his loss of fortune, Pip decides to honour Biddy bymarrying her. I would go to Biddy. Pip still snobbishlythought Biddy would be glad to marry him. However, Biddyhas married Joe. Though she was once half in love with Pip,Biddy recognised his obsession for Estella and wisely soughta partner elsewhere. Biddy and Joe share the same valuesand are ideal partners. Herbert and Clara, Mr Wemmickand Miss Skiffin and Mr and Mrs Pocket have loving steadyrelationships. Pips sexual attraction towards Estella is moreromantic ideology than genuine love. He envisions Estella asa captive princess and himself as the heroic knight, only hecan awaken love in her heart. Even though Estella tells him,I have no heart, he does not believe her. Does Estellabelieve what she says or is she trying to convince herself? Isshe using her unattainability to perversely keep Pipsinterest? Redemption is attained by Miss Haversham whenshe humbles herself to ask Pips forgiveness. After thecruelty she has endured at the hands of Compeyson, Estellaemerges a more compassionate person. Pips forgivenessand love from Joe, Biddy and Magwitch. He endureshardship and triumphantly emerges a mature, thoughtfulperson. The themes of Love, Isolation and Redemption arethe structure the other themes hang from. The loneliness ofisolation is the beginning; love is the food that staves it offand redemption is the final cleansing. Love is the backboneof the novel, the thing that binds the others together,redemption is its conclusion. There has to be love or thecharacters would not be able to interact, if there were onlyisolation each characters tale would be a separate piece ofwork. All good novels have a moral to relate and involvelove and redemption. By Anne Gilmour. All commentswould be welcome as I am studying for exams.

Multi Drug Resistant Bacteria Sample †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Multi Drug Resistant Bacteria. Answer: Multi Drug Resistant Bacteria, the term is facing like an epidemic in the present century. The world is experiencing disastrous threat, the antibiotics which are being used to cure bacterial infections are gradually becoming useless against most of the deadly bacteria and they are becoming drug resistant. According to research, by the end of 2050, the multi-drug resistant bacteria will be principal cause of death in mankind, ahead of cancer. Astonishingly, this fate was long being predicted by Sir Alexander Fleming, a Scottish scientist who discovered the first ever antibiotic, Penicillin in the year 1928. Fleming not only contributed to path breaking discovery but also gave an alarming prediction, at least 80 years ahead of time. After winning Nobel Prize for the discovery of Penicillin in the year 1945, Fleming was found saying, The thoughtless person playing with penicillin treatment is morally responsible for the death of the man who succumbs to infection with the penicillin-resi stant organism (Calderone, 2015). However, squandering antibiotics with heedlessness has given rise to shocking results. After the advent of antibiotic, it was rigorously used throughout the world. Penicillin became boon for the World Was II soldiers as it helped in treating pneumonia, syphilis, gangrene, tuberculosis and diphtheria. As the days passed by, the medical practise became paralysed in the absence of antibiotic. Without antibiotics even minor surgery became impossible. Moreover, antibiotics became an important component in animal and on a non-prescription basis while on the other hand, antibiotic sales are incentivised. The medical world overlooked the curse of antibiotic usage and highlighted its blessings only. However, by the end of 20th century there saw an advent in Multi Drug Resistant bacteria, proving the prediction of Sir Fleming to be true and this lead the medical researchers identify the threats of over use of antibiotic (Howard et al. 2013). References Calderone, J. (2015).Penicillin's discoverer predicted our coming post-antibiotic era 70 years ago. [online] https://www.businessinsider.in. Available at: https://www.businessinsider.in/Penicillins-discoverer-predicted-our-coming-post-antibiotic-era-70-years-ago/articleshow/48393377.cms [Accessed 11 Oct. 2017]. Howard, S.J., Catchpole, M., Watson, J. and Davies, S.C., 2013. Antibiotic resistance: global response needed.The Lancet Infectious Diseases,13(12), pp.1001-1003.

The True Devils In Salem Essays - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible

The True Devils in Salem English - The Crucible by Arthur Miller The True Devils in Salem In The Crucible by Arthur Miller, the madness of the Salem witch trials is explored in great detail. There are many theories as to why the witch trials came about, the most popular of which is the girls' suppressed childhoods. However, there were other factors as well, such as Abigail Williams' affair with John Proctor, the secret grudges that neighbors held against each other, and the physical and economic differences between the citizens of Salem Village. From a historical viewpoint, it is known that young girls in colonial Massachusetts were given little or no freedom to act like children. They were expected to walk straight, arms by their sides, eyes slightly downcast, and their mouths were to be shut unless otherwise asked to speak. It is not surprising that the girls would find this type of lifestyle very constricting. To rebel against it, they played pranks, such as dancing in the woods, listening to slaves' magic stories and pretending that other villagers were bewitching them. The Crucible starts after the girls in the village have been caught dancing in the woods. As one of them falls sick, rumors start to fly that there is witchcraft going on in the woods, and that the sick girl is bewitched. Once the girls talk to each other, they become more and more frightened of being accused as witches, so Abigail starts accusing others of practicing witchcraft. The other girls all join in so that the blame will not be placed on them. In The Crucible, Abigail starts the accusations by saying, "I go back to Jesus; I kiss his hand. I saw Sarah Good with the Devil! I saw Goody Osburn with the Devil! I saw Bridget Bishop with the Devil!" Another girl, Betty, continues the cry with, "I saw George Jacobs with the Devil! I saw Goody Howe with the Devil!" >From here on, the accusations grow and grow until the jails overflow with accused witches. It must have given them an incredible sense of power when the whole town of Salem listened to their words and believed each and every accusation. After all, children were to be seen and not heard in Puritan society, and the newfound attention was probably overwhelming. In Act Three of The Crucible, the girls were called before the judges to defend themselves against the claims that they were only acting. To prove their innocence, Abigail led the other girls in a chilling scene. Abby acted as if Mary Warren sent her spirit up to the rafters and began to talk to the spirit. "Oh Mary, this is a black art to change your shape. No, I cannot, I cannot stop my mouth; it's God's work I do." The other girls all stared at the rafters in horror and began to repeat everything they heard. Finally, the girls' hysterics caused Mary Warren to accuse John Proctor of witchcraft. Once the scam started, it was too late to stop, and the snowballing effect of wild accusations soon resulted in the hanging of many innocents. After the wave of accusations began, grudges began to surface in the community. Small slights were made out to be witchcraft, and bad business deals were blamed on witchery. Two characters in The Crucible, Giles Corey and Thomas Putnam, argue early on about a plot of land. Corey claims that he bought it from Goody Nurse but Putnam says he owns it, and Goody Nurse had no right to sell it. Later, when Putnam's daughter accuses George Jacobs of witchery, Corey claims that Putnam only wants Jacobs' land. Giles says, "If Jacobs hangs for a witch he forfeit up his property - that's law! And there is none but Putnam with the coin to buy so great a piece. This man is killing his neighbors for their land!" Others also had hidden motives for accusing their neighbors. Once the accusations began, everyone had a reason to accuse someone else which is why the hangings got so out of hand. The wave of accusations can be likened to mass hysteria, in which the people involved are so caught up that they start having delusions of neighbors out to do them harm. One of the main accusers, Abigail Williams, had an ulterior motive for accusing Elizabeth Proctor. In The Crucible, Abigail believed that if she got rid of Goody Proctor, then John Proctor, her husband, would turn to Abby. John Proctor had an affair with Abigail, but for

Albert Bandura Essays

Albert Bandura Essays Albert Bandura Paper Albert Bandura Paper Writing Assignment #1 Bandura, Ross, Ross (1961). Transmission of aggression through imitation of aggressive models In 1961, Bandura, D. Ross, and S. Ross conducted an experiment on 72 pre-school children to examine and explore the â€Å"Social Learning† theory. The Social Learning theory suggests that human behavior is observationally learned through modeling: from observing others, one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed. They predicted that subjects Method: Design: The participants were chosen by opportunity sampling from Stanford University Nursery School. Participants consisted of 36 boys and 36 girls, and two adults, a male and a female, both being a role model. The participants were divided into eight experimental groups of six subjects each and a control group consisting of 24 children. Half of the experimental participants viewed aggressive models, while the other half were shown nonaggressive models. These groups were then further divided into male and female subjects, and half of the children in the aggressive and non-aggressive groups observed same-sexed models, while the other half observed opposite sex models. The control group was not exposed to any adult models The subjects were assessed on four five-point rating scales by the experimenter and a school teacher. These assessments measured the extent to which the children demonstrated verbal aggression, physical aggression, aggression toward intimate objects, and aggressive inhibition. Procedure: Subjects were individually brought to the experimental room and were escorted to one corner of the room, which was their play area. After seating the child at a small table, the experimenter explained how subjects could construct and design pictures with potato prints and picture stickers. The model on the other hand was brought to the opposite corner of the room which consisted of a small chair, table, mallet, tinker toy set, and a 5-foot inflated Bobo doll. The experimenter explained to the model that the materials provided was for him/her to play with. With participants in the aggressive condition, the model assembled the tinker toys and portrayed acts of aggression towards the Bobo doll; the model continuously punched the Bobo doll, used a mallet to hit the Bobo doll’s head, and tossed it up the air and kicked it. Furthermore, the model interspersed with verbally aggressive comments such as, â€Å"Kick him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"Throw him in the air. † Conversely, with subjects in the non-aggressive condition, the model assembled the tinker toys in a silent passive manner, and completely disregarding the Bobo doll. Moreover, the model made non-aggressive comments such as, â€Å"He sure is a tough fella,† and â€Å"He keeps coming back for more. † After 10 minutes, the experimenter informed the subject that he would now be brought to another game room. The subjects were then taken into another room filled with interesting toys, some of an aggressive type such as, a 3-foot Bobo doll, a mallet and a peg board, and some nonaggressive such as, a tea set, crayons, and coloring paper, a ball, and plastic farm animals. The subjects were observed through a one-way mirror, and behaviors such as, physical aggression, verbal aggression, and the number of times the mallet was used to strike the Bobo doll was assessed. Results: Confounds within study: There are minimal confounding variables within the experiment as Bandura, Ross, and Ross used a laboratory experiment method to conduct their esearch. The utilization of a laboratory experiment method allowed the experimenters to standardize conditions for all the subjects and acquire greater control of extraneous variables, which therefore led to a stronger internal validity. Internal validity is the degree to which an observed effect is due to the experimental manipulation rather than other fact ors such as extraneous variables. Some possible confounding variables were avoided and controlled. Firstly, the individual differences were controlled by ensuring subjects were rated for aggression prior to the study. This eliminates a possible extraneous factor – individual differences in aggression. Secondly, the subjects within the control and experimental groups were matched for aggressiveness to ensure equal compositions of the groups. As a result, the data could not be affected by pre-existing levels of aggression; therefore, causal relationships can be made. Furthermore, all the subjects were slightly frustrated before illustrating aggressive behavior. The subjects were allowed to play with the attractive toys for a few minutes until they were told by the experimenter that the toys were for other the other children. Hence, the increase in their emotional stimulation was approximately equal, before they were given an opportunity to be aggressive. Lastly, the experimenter rated the aggressive levels of the participants with a nursery school teacher that was well acquainted with children. This decreased the chances of subjectivity. Although most of the extraneous and confounding variables were taken into consideration, there are some confounding variables that may have skewed the results. Since there is high control in a laboratory experiment, there is the possibility of this leading to a contrived situation, and, a loss of real-life validity. As a result, the issue of demand characteristic may have occurred. A demand characteristic is when participants are aware of the experimenter’s expectation and how they are predicted to behave. Hence, participants would alter their behavior to fit the experimenter’s expectation, which would result in unrepresentative and invalid findings. The children might have been aware of what was expected of them; one of the participants said â€Å"Look Mummy, there’s the doll we have to hit† Noble (1975). Importance of the study to the field: Albert Bandura’s success in his experiment has allowed him to prove and verify the Social Learning theory. The Social Learning theory or observational learning is now widely accepted as a useful theory in the field of psychology; it can be used to shape desired and acceptable behaviors and eliminate unwanted attitudes. Some complex behaviors such as, language, would probably never be learnt and developed unless children were exposed to people who modeled them. Observational learning enables children to garner many responses and behaviors in a large variety of settings where the models are performing their daily activities and routines. Some examples of observational learning would be observing parents read and write, parent’s attitude and response toward a certain scenario, moral behavior, and ethical decisions. Furthermore, Bandura has also developed a therapy called ‘’modeling therapy,† which is derived from observational learning. The modeling therapy highlights the importance of learning through observation of role models, and learning about rewards and punishment that follow behavior. The therapy has been proven and is used to eradicate unwanted behaviors, phobias, and anxiety disorders. Bandura’s Social learning Theory is also applied for educational purposes. Educators have learned that observational learning is an effective teaching tool. Observational learning processes â€Å"greatly influence children’s coping with conflict, frustration, academic stressors, and failure† (Zimmerman Schunk, 2003, p. 442). With knowledge of observational learning, they are able to be conscious and aware of their actions, being discreet and certain that they are portraying a morally correct behavior to their students. Traditional behaviorists believed that all organisms learned in the same way; all behavior is learned through the environment, and this was explained through operant and classical conditioning. In short, the learning perspective was limited to these techniques. The discovery and verification of the Social Learning theory has contributed towards the overall shift of the learning perspective to incorporate cognitive and social processes; it demonstrates that learning was not simply based on a set of stimulus-response associations. Furthermore, the social learning theory reaches into the cognitive perspective’s realm, allowing development for more effective techniques. The theory can be seen as a bridge between the learning perspective and the cognitive perspective, as it incorporates attention and memory.

Vision of Byzantine Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Vision of Byzantine Art - Essay Example This particular piece was painted in the year 1293 and is also known as Cavallini’s masterpiece. Cavallini was considered to be a Roman naturalist and was quite influential to other aspiring artists. Pietro mainly remained in Rome and is said to have lived to have been a hundred years ol at his time of death. Certainly, Byzantine art is otherwise known as Christian or religious-bible based art often depicting Biblical characters including God, the devil and celestial beings such as angels. In the particular piece of Cavallini, the depiction of the concept of the â€Å"last judgment† is depicted. This is of course a Biblically based idea that all humans will stand before God as Saint Peter reads from the book of life to determine who will be admitted into heaven and who will be sentenced to hell for their life-long miss deeds. In much of Byzantine art, saints and important Biblical characters are depicted as wearing an ornate halo type headdress. This is often a symbol of one’s good standing in the Kingdom of God or as more rudimentarily, on the good side. Cavallini’s two individuals are in fact adorned with such halos.